When you purchase through links on our site , we may earn an affiliate delegation . Here ’s how it lick .
This story was updated July 23 at 2:01 p.m. EDT .
elephant are known for their impressively long trunks , but perhaps less well known is the big turn of genes that encipher for their sense smelling .
African elephants have more olfactory receptor genes than rats and humans do, and more than any other animal studied to date.
In a study of 13 mammal , African elephantswere find out to be higher-ranking sniffer , possessing the largest number of genes associated with smell — five meter as many as humans and more than twice that of dogs .
" Rats had the record for the big issue of [ these ] gene , " said the study ’s lead researcher Yoshiihito Niimura , a investigator of molecular phylogeny at The University of Tokyo in Japan . " Elephants have much more . It ’s almost twofold , so it ’s very surprising . " [ Infographic : Elephants Crowned Top Smellers Among Selected Mammals ]
The findings support other research on the pachyderm ’s superior sense of smell . African elephants can smell the remainder between two tribes living in Kenya : the Maasai , whose young men leaven their virility by spearing elephants , and the Kamba , husbandman who unremarkably allow elephant alone , reported a 2007 discipline published in the journalCurrent Biology .
elephant also use their sensitive sense of smell to scrounge for food and place family members . Female African elephants are only capable reproduce for a few 24-hour interval every three eld , and research suggest that males can smell when a female is receptive to reproduction , said Bruce Schulte , head of the section of biota at Western Kentucky University in Bowling Green , who was not involved in the discipline .
" When you keep an eye on the animal , even in imprisonment , the trunk is constantly move . It ’s constantly checking out the environment , " Schulte told Live Science .
In the written report , the researcher looked at the number ofolfactory receptor genesin each mammal . These genes code proteins that rest in the pinched pit and bind to odor molecules . brass cells then relay the information to the brain , which classify the smell .
The number of olfactive sensory receptor factor rank from 296 in orangutans to 1,948 in African elephants , the research worker discover . An analysis showed that the uncouth antecedent of all 13 mammalian had 781 such genes . This indicates that the bit of olfactory sense organ genes has increased over prison term in elephants and rodents , while it has minify in order Primates , including mankind who have 396 such receptor genes .
Genes increase through gene duplicate , when one factor becomes two , for exercise after an misplay inDNA replication , Niimura say . When this happens , each gene can acquire dissimilar mutations , and the factor finally become decided from one another . Individuals can also lose cistron if mutations deliver them useless .
The order Primates in the written report mislay more than half of their olfactory receptor genes . Most notably , orangutans lost about 70 percent since the common antecedent live about 100 million years ago .
" This study is a expectant step towards the identification of cistron relate to olfaction halt from the increasing telephone number of sequenced mammalian genomes , " say Sergios - Orestis Kolokotronis , an adjunct professor of biology at Fordham University in New York City , who was not call for in the study .
The bailiwick investigator did not examine the occasion of each gene , but the vast number of olfactory receptor cistron in the African elephant suggest that its torso has profound smelling abilities .
" It ’s extremely sore , " Schulte said . " They really do abide by their nozzle . "
The study was published today ( July 22 ) in the journalGenome Research .
