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Adding to the already - sequenced genomes of human beings , chimpanzees and orang , investigator have dispatch the set of the outstanding apes by sequence the gene of a westerly lowland gorilla .
The arrant genome comes from a female western lowland gorilla identify Kamilah , who was born in captivity and now go at the San Diego Zoo Safari Park . The investigator also sequence share of the genomes for two other westerly lowland gorillas and one eastern lowland gorilla . The upshot reveal more than ever about how theevolutionary treeconnecting humans , chimps and gorilla was shaped .
For the first time, researchers have sequenced the complete genome of the western lowland gorilla.
" The gorilla genome is particularly important for our understanding ofhuman evolution , because it tells us about this all-important time when we were diverging from our tight living relatives , the Pan troglodytes , " study investigator Aylwyn Scally of the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute said in a military press group discussion about the determination on Tuesday ( March 6 ) .
Family ties
The results show that homo are closelipped to gorillas than we ’d realize . The human - Pan troglodytes part of the bully aper lineage split off from the Gorilla gorilla line about10 million old age ago , survey drawing card Richard Durbin , also of the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute , told newsperson . homo and chimps then diverged from each other about 6 million class ago . Evolutionarily speaking , that ’s fast .
" The interesting consequence of that is actually that the form of ancestry across the three genomes changes from berth to situation [ in the genome ] , " Scally said . " So although most of the human genome is indeed close to the Pan troglodytes genome on mediocre , a ample minority , 15 percent , is in fact nearer to the Gorilla gorilla , and another 15 percent is where gorilla and chimpanzee are closer . " [ 8 Ways Chimps Act Like human beings ]
Genetic divergence
In fact , the new data point sustain that human race and gorillas are about 98 pct identical on a genetic spirit level , enjoin Wellcome Trust researcher and study co - author Chris Tyler - Smith .
But the differences are crystallise . For illustration , the researchers found that certain gene involve in sperm cell organisation have become motionless or have been reduce in the gorilla genome compared with the human genome . That may be because gorillas live in harems with one male to many female , Tyler - Smith say , so there is little competition between unlike males’sperm .
The research worker also found speedy evolution in a single Gorilla gorilla gene ring EVPL , which add to ceratin organization on the skin . Keratin is the tough protein found in hair and nail . For gorilla , the action of this gene may be related to the tough metacarpophalangeal joint launchpad that enable gorillas to take the air on their fists .
Another interesting nugget of selective information in the Gorilla gorilla genome had to do with a spate of genes related to hearing . investigator already knew that humans had accelerated activity in these genes , think evolution was act on them and suggest some adaptive welfare to the ensue transmitted changes . Now , investigator can see that this accelerated activity stretches back into the gorilla long time , too .
" The significance of that is this is not because ofhuman language ability , " Tyler - Smith say . " It must be for some broader function . "
eventually , the researchers found certain gene partake by gorillas and human beings that make disease in our mintage , but not in our imitator first cousin . One of these variants is tie in to dementedness in man , and another to heart disease .
" If we could see more about why those variants are so harmful in humans but not in gorillas , that would have important useful aesculapian entailment , " Tyler - Smith say .
The researcher reported their results today ( March 7 ) in the journal Nature .
